Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: NOAA Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center 
      Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Pacific Island Benthic Habitat Mapping Center
      Publication_Date: 20070301
      Title: Gridded bathymetry and IKONOS estimated depths of UTM Zone 2, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, USA
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data
      Online_Linkage: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc
  Description:
    Abstract: Gridded bathymetry and IKONOS estimated depths of the shelf and slope 
	environments of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, USA within UTM Zone 2. Bottom
	coverage was achieved in depths between 0 and 5000 meters. The netCDF includes 
	multibeam bathymetry from the Simrad EM1002, Simrad EM120, Simrad EM300, and Simrad 
	EM3002d, and Reson 8101 multibeam sonars collected as of October 2006 by the NOAA 
	Coral Reef Ecosystem Division in depths between 20 and 5000 meters. The netCDF grid 
	also includes estimated depths derived from high resolution IKONOS satellite imagery 
	by the NOAA/NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Remote Sensing Team in shallow water between 0 and 16 meters.
   Purpose:
	This netCDF was created using data gathered from multibeam soundings and IKONOS
	estimated depths for use as a planning and reference document. The data were collected
	to provide information on the 25, 50, and 100 fm contours in the NWHI, which are important
	for establishing management boundaries for the NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve.The data 
	are also being used for benthic habitat mapping, for locating Essential Fish Habitat, 
	and for studying geologic features of the area. Refer to supplemental information for 
	description of instrument and survey.
    Supplemental_Information:
	Multibem data were collected aboard the R/V Kilo Moana, a 186’ United States Navy owned 
	research vessel. The R/V Kilo Moana's survey sensors include a 12 kHz Simrad EM120 
	sonar and a 95 kHz Simrad EM1002 sonar, which provide bathymetry and imagery data, 
	a TSS/Applanix POS/MV Model 320, which measures position, velocity, attitude and 
	heading, and a Sippican MK-21/PC based XBT system plus a Seabird SBE 9/11 CTD both 
	of which measured sound velocity profiles. The EM1002 sonar was placed in stand-by 
	mode in water depths greater than 500 m. EM1002 data have ~0.6 m heave artifacts 
	on shallow bank-tops. 

	Multibeam data were collected aboard the NOAA Ship Hi’ialakai, a 218’ United
	States National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration research ship. The NOAA
	Ship Hi'ialakai's survey sensors include a 30 kHz Simrad EM300 sonar and a 300
	kHz Simrad EM3002d sonar, which provide bathymetry and imagery data, a TSS/Applanix
	POS/MV Model 320, which measures position, velocity, attitude and heading, and a
	Seabird SBE 9/11 plus CTD used to measure sound velocity profiles.
        
	Multibeam data were also collected aboard the R/V AHI (Acoustic Habitat Investigator),
	a 25’ survey launch owned and operated by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science
	Center in Honolulu, HI.  The R/V AHI’s survey sensors include a 240 kHz RESON 8101-ER
	sonar providing bathymetry and imagery data, a TSS/Applanix POS/MV Model 320 which
	measures position, velocity, attitude and heading, and a Seabird SBE 19 CTD used to
	measure sound velocity profiles.  

	IKONOS estimated depths were produced using rule-based, semi-automated image analysis
	of high-resolution satellite imagery for nine locations in the Northwestern Hawaiian 
	Islands.For more information about the estimated depth data see the following 
	online link: http://mercury.ornl.gov/metadata/nbii/html/nos/est%5Fdepth%5Fnwhi.html

	Specific equipment configurations are documented in metadata from IKONOS Estimated 
	Depths and cruises KMO206, HI0503, HI0507, HI0508, and AHI0508. These metadata can be accessed at:
	http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_cruise-catalog.htm

  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20021001
        Ending_Date: 20051029
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -174.169
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.208
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 26.3644
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.3749
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Version 1.0
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Bathymetry
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry
      Theme_Keyword: Multibeam sonar
	Theme_Keyword: satellite imagery
	Theme_Keyword: estimated depth
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: UTM Zone 2
      Place_Keyword: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
      Place_Keyword: Hawaii
      Place_Keyword: United States of America
	Place_Keyword: Lisianski Island
	Place_Keyword: Pioneer Bank
	Place_Keyword: Northampton Seamounts
        Place_Keyword: Laysan Island
	Place_Keyword: Maro Reef
	Place Keyword: Raita Bank
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Version 1.0
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > UTM Zone 2
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu 
  Access_Constraints: 
  Use_Constraints: These data are not to be used for navigation purposes.
    Please acknowledge NOAA (Office of Ocean Exploration and the Pacific 
    Islands Fisheries Science Center), the Joint Institute for Marine and 
    Atmospheric Research University of Hawaii, and Hawaii Mapping 
    Research Group (HMRG) University of Hawaii as the sources of this information.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), 
          Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 1680 East-West Road POST 833
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-5239
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred  
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: NWHI_Zone2_60m.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Multibeam Bathymetry and IKONOS Estimated Depths
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Data_Set_Credit: PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA, JIMAR, and HMRG
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: netCDF file created using the Generic Mapping Tools
	(GMT) in a LINUX environment
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data are collected for resource management
      and research purposes and are tested for internal consistency; however,
      no effort is made to compare these data to external references or to 
      other published data.  
  Logical_Consistency_Report: These data are believed to be logically consistent
      though no tests were performed
  Completeness_Report: Complete
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS)
        Horizontal position accuracy: 25 m
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: 1 m
        Raw sounding resolution: Variable
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
     Process_Description: 
	 Multibeam swath files are acquired on and around each bank and atoll in 
	 UTM Zone 2 in the Generic Sensor Format (GSF) and are edited on a swath by 
	 swath basis using SAIC's SABER editing software. The edited swath files are 
	 then combined into a Pure File Magic (PFM) format in SABER for each bank and
	 atoll and area based editing is performed. The edited PFM is then exported 
	 as X,Y,Z points with a defined grid cell size and the points are combined
	 with X,Y,Z IKONOS estimated depth points. The resulting X,Y,Z data for each
	 bank, atoll, and intervening seafloor are then combined using LINUX commands 
	 and gridded using xyz2grd, a Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) algorithm that converts 
	 an ASCII or binary table to a netCDF grid file format. GMT is an open source 
	 collection of tools for manipulating geographic data sets. Grid nodes with more 
	 than one value are set to the average value and unconstrained nodes are set to 
	 NaN. Additional information about GMT can be found at: www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt 
	 and additional information about the multibeam data processing is recorded in the 
	 cruise metadata.
     Process_Date: 20061213
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
    Row_Count: 3661
    Column_Count: 10001
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method:
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 60
          Ordinate_Resolution: 60
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 2
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -171
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
            False_Easting: 500000
            False_Northing: 0
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: mean lower low water
      Depth_Resolution:  0.01 meters
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Depth values are real values based on the average of the 
      soundings that fell within the extracted grid cells.  The number of 
      soundings per grid cell range from >1000 soundings in shallow depths
      to as few as 20 soundings in deeper areas.  A total error budget for
      these data have not been developed. Therefore, the accuracy of depth
      measurements should be considered to be within 1 meter. 
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), 
          Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 1680 East-West Road POST 833
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-5239
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred  
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    These data are not to be used for navigational purposes.
    NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor
    does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot
    assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in
    these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function
    on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form: netCDF
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: netCDF
        Format_Information_Content:
          Binary netCDF Grid:         
          This file is formatted as a 2-D binary netCDF grid file, the
          default grid file format used by GMT (Generic Mapping Tools).
          More information can found at http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt and       
          http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf.
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc
    Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20070122
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), 
          Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 1680 East-West Road POST 833
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-5239
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred  
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Universal Time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None