Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:Originator: NOAA Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center 
        Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center
      Publication_Date: 20070502
      Title: Simrad em300 multibeam backscatter data from the submarine slope environment at Rose Island, American Samoa, South Pacific
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data
      Online_Linkage: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/
  Description:
    Abstract: Multibeam backscatter imagery extracted from gridded bathymetry of Rose Island, American Samoa, South Pacific. 
      These data provide coverage between 20 and 5000 meters. The backscatter dataset includes data collected using Simrad EM300 and 
      Reson 8101 multibeam sonars. The sonars frequencies are 30 kHz and 240 kHz respectively and the backscatter data from each sonar 
      are processed and gridded separately. These metadata are for the 5 m grid cell size Simrad em300 multibeam backscatter data only.
    Purpose:
      The GeoTIFFs of backscatter imagery were created using data gathered from multibeam 
      soundings for use as a planning and reference document. The data are also being used 
      for benthic habitat mapping, for locating Essential Fish Habitat, and for studying 
      geologic features of the area. Refer to supplemental information for description of 
      instrument and survey.
    Supplemental_Information:
      Multibeam data were collected aboard the NOAA Ship Hi’ialakai, a 218’ United 
      States National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration research ship. The 
      NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai's survey sensors include a 30 kHz Simrad EM300 sonar and a 
      300 kHz Simrad EM3002d sonar, which provide bathymetry and imagery data, a 
      TSS/Applanix POS/MV Model 320, which measures position, velocity, attitude and 
      heading, and a Seabird SBE 9/11 plus CTD used to measure sound velocity profiles.
      Specific equipment configurations are documented in metadata from cruises: HI0602. 
      These metadata can be accessed at: 
      http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_cruise-catalog.htm
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range of Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20060306
        Ending_Date: 20060308
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.272
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -167.928
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.433
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.65
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Version 1.0
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Seafloor Topography > Backscatter
      Theme_Keyword: Acoustic Imagery
      Theme_Keyword: Multibeam Backscatter
      Theme_Keyword: Backscatter
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Rose Atoll
      Place_Keyword: American Samoa
      Place_Keyword: South Pacific
      Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Version 1.0
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Pacific > American Samoa > Rose Atoll
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: These data are not to be used for navigation purposes.
    Please acknowledge NOAA and the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR)
	University of Hawaii as the sources of this information.
    sources of this information.
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), 
          Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 1680 East-West Road POST 833
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-5239
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: rose-bs.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: rose-em300-bs.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Multibeam Backscatter
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Acoustic Imagery
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Data_Set_Credit: PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA and JIMAR
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: GeoTIFF file created using HMRG software in a LINUX environment
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data are collected for resource management
      and research purposes and are tested for internal consistency; however,
      no effort is made to compare these data to external references or to 
      other published data.  
  Logical_Consistency_Report: These data are believed to be logically consistent 
      though no tests were performed
  Completeness_Report: Complete
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS)
        Horizontal position accuracy: 25 meters
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: 1 m
        Range resolution of sonar ~1.25 cm
        Raw sounding resolution: Variable
        Vertical accuracy of gridded product: 1% of water depth
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
     Process_Description: 
       Science Applications International Corporation’s (SAIC) ISS-2000 acquires, 
       processes and records data, provides survey control and underway quality 
       control displays. SAIC’s SABER processing software is used to process the 
       raw soundings, analyze the results, manually edit the sounding data to remove 
       outliers and derive average gridded data values. Additional data acquisition 
       and processing information can be found in the metadata for cruises HI0602 
       Hawaii Mapping Research Group (HMRG) processing software was then used to
       extract values of acoustic intensity from the soundings. HMRG is an organization
       of scientists, engineers and technicians whose mission is to design, build, 		
       and operate tools for mapping the seafloor. HMRG is a group within the School 
       of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. 
       The gsf2bs program (July, 2005) converts the swath bathymetry ping records contained 
       within a GSF (Generic Sensor Format) version 2.02 dataset into bs file format. This 
       is done as follows: (i) position each beam's bottom detect intensity sample at the 
       across-track location of that beam's bathymetry value; (ii) assuming a flat bottom 
       in the near neighborhood of the beam, compute across-track distances for all of the 
       beam's remaining intensity samples based on their temporal relation to the bottom 
       detect sample and the computed average sound velocity for that beam as derived from 
       its range and travel time; (iii) after all of the intensity samples from all beams 
       of a ping have been located in across-track distance, fill the gaps between them as
       necessary by comparing travel times of beams adjacent to the gap, assigning the position 
       using the adjacent sample closest to nadir, and averaging the interpolated values that 
       fall within a cell. The conversion described above is necessary in order to run HMRG 
       backscatter processing operations on the data, such as filtering to remove noise, and to 
       create netCDF grids, raster images and GeoTIFF's. For more information on the backscatter 
       processing technique see <http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_documentation.htm>.   
       Software_Used:
       SAIC ISS-2000 Acquisition Software, v 3.4
       SAIC SABER Processing Software, v 3.3.15 
       Hawaii Mapping Research Group (HMRG) Processing Software	
       GMT Generic Mapping Tools, v 4.1
       MB System, v 5.0.7
     Process_Date: 2007022
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
    Row_Count: 4706
    Column_Count: 4792
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 5
          Ordinate_Resolution: 5
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: -2
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -171
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
            False_Easting: 500000
            False_Northing: 0
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: mean lower low water
      Depth_Resolution:  0.01 meters
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Sidescan data within a GSF file are arranged as small sequences of intensity
      values, one sequence per beam per ping. The intensity values represent the
      amplitude of echo returns to the sensor and can be related to seabed 
      roughness.    
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), 
          Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 1680 East-West Road POST 833
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-5239
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    These data are not to be used for navigational purposes.
    NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor
    does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot
    assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in
    these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function
    on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: GeoTIFF, .tif
        Format_Information_Content: 
          TIFF is a format for storage, transfer, display, and printing of raster images. The TIFF file 
          structure allows both the tag and the image data to be encoded into the same file. GeoTIFF 
          refers to a TIFF file that has geographic data embedded as tags within the TIFF file. 
          The geographic data can be used to position the image in the correct location and geometry 
          on the screen of a geographic information display. Any GIS, CAD, Image Processing,
          Desktop Mapping and other types of systems using geographic images can read any GeoTiff file. 
          More specifically, files of this type can be added to ArcInfo and ArcView 8.x or higher and may 
          be viewed in the Table of Contents as a new raster layer. Image visualization software that does 
          not use geography as a basis for image placement can view a GeoTIFF image as if there were no 
          geographic information in the TIFF file. For example, GeoTIFF files can be viewed using Windows 
          Picture and Fax viewer. The GeoTIFF format is public domain, non-proprietary. 
          List of Rose Atoll Simrad EM300 backscatter GeoTIFF files and bounding coordinates:
          rose-em300-25-01.05.00m.ss.tif 
          W/E/S/N -168.272/-167.93/-14.55/-14.3633
          rose-em300-25-02.05.00m.ss.tif 
          W/E/S/N -168.27/-167.928/-14.6473/-14.4332
          rose-em300-25-03.05.00m.ss.tif 
          W/E/S/N -168.252/-167.93/-14.65/-14.3633
        File_Decompression_Technique: none
        Transfer_Size: Variable
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc
    Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20070502
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), 
          Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 1680 East-West Road POST 833
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-5239
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Universal Time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None